Articles

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Welcome to our Knowledge Center, where we share articles, research reports, industry insights, and technical information on topics that contribute to a more sustainable and resource-efficient future.

Our publications cover a wide range of environmental, packaging, food, and circular economy topics, including:

  • Bio-Plastics & Sustainable Packaging

  • Microplastics & Environmental Impact

  • Food Waste & Waste Management

  • Low Sodium Salt a Healthier Food Ingredient

Bio-Plastics & Sustainable Packaging

In this study we provide cradle-to-gate information on the environmental footprint of polylactic acid (PLA) produced in Thailand at a commercial scale, covering emerging topics such as water footprint and direct land-use change.

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Bioplastics – Industry Standards, Certifications & Labels. Bioplastics encompass a family of different materials. The purpose of this document is to communicate relevant standards for the bioplastic industry.  

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European Bioplastics, supports an instrument, which catalyses the transition to biobased plastics and leverages innovative biodegradable and compostable plastics as complementary tools to help end plastic pollution by 2040.

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Industrially compostable products, certified according to the harmonised European standard EN 13432 for the organic recovery of packaging, contribute to efficient waste management and circular preservation of resources

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Circular, Sustainable and Biobased Coatings: How to Apply the Safe and Sustainable by Design Framework.

This white paper presents how the SSbD can be applied to circular, sustainable and biobased coatings, offering input for further research.

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What are bioplastics? Fact Sheet for a foundational, industry-standard overview of terminology and material types.

A plastic material is defined as a bioplastic if
it is either bio-based, biodegradable, or features both properties.

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Challenges and opportunities in managing biodegradable plastic waste: A review. Biodegradable plastic waste management, waste collection and sorting, consumer confusion, recycling, EU legislation, source separation guidelines

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This presentation PDF covers how bioplastics behave in waste-to-energy plants, the efficiency of existing sorting facilities, and how biogenic origin affects emissions.

Prof. Mario Grosso
Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering

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This booklet shows what bioplastics are currently available on the market, and what developments may be expected. This includes thermoplastics and thermosetting materials.

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Biobased, biodegradable and compostable plastics
The EU’s policy framework on the sourcing, labelling and use of biobased plastics, and the use of biodegradable and compostable plastics.

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A Critical Review of Consumer Perception and Environmental Impacts of Bioplastics in Sustainable Food Packaging.



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educed Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Bioplastic production and end-of-life options (like energy recovery via incineration or digestion) can contribute to a neutral or positive GHG balance.

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Microplastics & Environmental Impact

PeToPLA A meta-study on the persistence and toxicity of PLA, and the forma on of microplas cs in various environments Technical Summary Report

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Health Effects of Microplastic Exposures: Current Issues and Perspectives in South Korea.

 

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Microplastics and human health – Wikipedia information

 

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Your Tea Bag Might Be Shedding Billions of Microplastics.

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Microplastics are inside us all. What does that mean for our health?

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Plastics and Human Health | Plastics and the Environment Series

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A Detailed Review Study on Potential Effects of Microplastics and Additives of Concern on Human Health

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Microplastics are in our bodies. How much do they harm us?

 

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Food Waste & Waste Management

Food waste is 75% water

Did you know that food waste contains over 75% moisture on average? That means only a quarter of food waste constitutes solid matter

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Supplementary memorandum Food waste in Dutch households.
Dutch households wasted an average of 41 kg of food per person in solid food (including sauces, fats and dairy products).

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Food Waste Index Report 2024.

Measuring food waste allows countries to comprehend the magnitude of the issue, thereby revealing the size of the opportunity

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency food waste research.

According to scientific research, approximately one-third of the food produced in the U.S. is never eaten.

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Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas, more damaging than CO2. It is the second most important greenhouse gas after CO2.

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Wastewater treatment processes are integral not only for purifying water but also for extracting valuable raw materials from sewage

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Production of bioplastics may be improved by using the nutrients and minerals in wastewater as a feedstock for microbial fermentation.

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The production of biogas from organic waste is becoming an essential part of the renewable energy transition. Wastewater treatment plants play a critical role in this.

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UNEP Food Waste Index Report: The UN Environment Programme publishes ongoing updates tracking progress on the UN Sustainable Development Goal to halve global food waste.

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European Commission Data: In the EU, the food system drives major emissions, with food waste accounting for about 16% of total greenhouse gas emissions originating from the European food sector.

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Global Carbon Brief Analysis: Detailed breakdowns from Carbon Brief explore the profound ways food waste connects to global warming, explaining how targeted policies can help cut human-caused emissions.

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United Nations Food waste has often been regarded as an inevitable by-product of today’s food systems, but tackling it is emerging as a critical lever for climate change mitigation, improved resource use and strengthened food security.

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Low Sodium Salt A Healthier Food Ingredient

Use of lower-sodium salt substitutes: WHO guideline.

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World Health Organisation:
Sodium reduction advice

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Would switching to a salt substitute reduce stroke, heart attacks and deaths?

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Does using low-sodium salt instead of regular salt reduce blood pressure and heart disease risks?

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National Center for Biotechnology: The health impacts of dietary sodium and a low-salt diet

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Salt and heart health

Why is it important to reduce salt for heart health?

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A diverse and varied diet ensures your body receives the broad spectrum of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants required to function optimally.

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Chronic Disease Prevention: Varied eating patterns are linked to a reduced risk of serious conditions, including a 30% lower risk of type 2 diabetes and lowered risks of heart disease and certain cancers

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